Vacuum Forming Service for Prototypes, Packaging and Short Runs

Covers, trays, blister packs and packaging inserts up to 600 × 600 mm and 220 mm deep, formed on tools we design and make at our workshop in Whittlesford, near Cambridge.

Rapid prototyping workshop benches with staff at work in Whittlesford

We vacuum form plastic parts up to 600 × 600 mm and 220 mm deep at our workshop in Whittlesford, Cambridge, from one-off prototypes to short production runs. We design and make the forming tool, form the sheet, trim each part and check its fit, so you get finished parts, not just formed sheet.

Vacuum forming suits thin-walled shells: covers, trays, housings, panels, blister packs and packaging inserts. If your part needs fine detail, varied wall thickness or solid features, vacuum casting is usually the better route, and we do both.

Vacuum forming at a glance

How vacuum forming works

  1. Tool. We design the tool from your CAD and make it in-house. For early prototypes we often 3D print it, so the shape can be changed and reprinted quickly. For longer runs, or where the tool needs to last, we machine it. A male tool forms the sheet over it; a female (cavity) tool forms the sheet into it.
  2. Heat. The sheet is clamped in a frame and heated until it is soft and pliable.
  3. Form. The tool rises into the soft sheet, and a vacuum pulls the air out from between them so the plastic is drawn tight against the tool.
  4. Cool and release. The sheet cools and stiffens on the tool, then the formed shape comes off.
  5. Trim and check. We cut the part from the sheet by hand, router or CNC, depending on the shape and the quantity, then check its fit against your product or assembly.

Vacuum forming materials

SheetThicknessWhy choose it
PETG0.5, 0.75 and 1 mmClear, tough and easy to form. A common choice for blisters, clamshells and clear covers
PVCUp to 2 mmRigid and clear, and widely used for blister packaging. We keep PVC to 2 mm because thicker sheet can shrink by up to 5%
HIPS (high-impact polystyrene)0.75 mmLow cost, forms crisp shapes and paints well. Good for trays, inserts and model parts
Polypropylene0.8 mmFlexible and chemical-resistant, and takes repeated bending. For flexible trays and parts that flex in use
Polycarbonate0.75 and 1 mmVery tough and clear, with better heat resistance than the others. For guards, covers and windows

Need a different plastic or thickness? Ask, and we will tell you what is possible.

What we vacuum form

  • Blister packs and clamshells. Formed to your product, so it clips, presses or nests in the way the production pack will.
  • Packaging trays and nests. Inserts that hold products, components or kits in place, for user trials, shows, pitches and short production runs.
  • Covers, panels and housings. Thin-walled enclosures and cosmetic covers for prototypes and low-volume products.
  • Display and model parts. Formed shells for models and exhibition pieces, finished in our paint shop.
  • Production parts in short runs. Where the volume does not justify production tooling, the formed part can be the finished product, packaging especially.

We have vacuum formed since our early days. In 1987 one of our first production jobs was a vacuum formed golf bag for Caddie Master.

Vacuum formed golf bag made for Caddie Master in 1987, standing on a golf course

Prototype packaging: blisters, trays and inserts

When you are testing packaging, the blister or tray has to fit the real product, not a CAD guess. We form blisters and nests to your product, then adjust the tool and sheet thickness until the product clips or sits exactly as you want. Printed tools make those adjustments quick: we change the CAD and print again. We can pair formed parts with printed card cartons, machined foam inserts and sealed pouches, all made in-house, so the pack looks and opens like production for user trials, retailer presentations and photography. When the design is settled, we can make the short production run as well.

Designing a part for vacuum forming

Vacuum forming is quick and low-cost, but it stretches the sheet, so a few design choices make a big difference. We check these as part of a design for manufacture review.

  • Add draft. Sides need to taper so the part comes off the tool. Male tools need more draft than female tools, because the plastic shrinks onto them as it cools.
  • Expect thinning. The sheet stretches most at deep corners and the bottom of deep draws, so walls end up thinner there than the sheet you started with. Choose the thickness for the thinnest point, not the average.
  • Keep draws as shallow as the design allows. The deeper the draw relative to the opening, the more the sheet thins. Our maximum depth is 220 mm, but shallower forms more evenly.
  • Use generous radii. Sharp internal corners concentrate thinning and can tear or web. Rounded corners form cleanly.
  • Avoid undercuts. A formed part has to lift straight off the tool, so design the sides to open outwards.
  • Pick the accurate side. Only the side touching the tool is accurate. Put critical dimensions and the cosmetic face on that side, and choose male or female tooling to suit.
  • Small parts. The smallest sheet we form is 300 × 250 mm, so small parts are formed several to a sheet and trimmed out.

Vacuum forming or vacuum casting?

Vacuum formingVacuum casting
What it makesThin shells from plastic sheetSolid parts from liquid resin
Wall thicknessSet by the sheet, thinner at cornersCan vary across the part
DetailSofter, accurate on the tool side onlyFine detail on every surface
SizeUp to 600 × 600 mm, 220 mm deepUp to 800 × 550 × 550 mm
MaterialsPETG, PVC, HIPS, PP and polycarbonate sheetPolyurethane resins, silicones and epoxies
Best forCovers, trays, blisters and packagingHousings and functional, clear or flexible parts
ToolingOne machined or printed forming toolSilicone mould from a master pattern

Not sure which you need? Send the CAD and we will recommend one. See our vacuum casting service.

Vacuum forming questions

What is vacuum forming?

Vacuum forming heats a plastic sheet until it is soft, then uses a vacuum to pull it tight over a tool so it takes the tool's shape. Once cool, the part is trimmed out of the sheet. It is used for thin-walled parts such as covers, trays and blister packs.

What is the largest part you can vacuum form?

Our forming area is 600 × 600 mm, from sheets up to 690 × 690 mm, with a draw depth of up to 220 mm.

What plastics can you vacuum form?

PETG, PVC, HIPS, polypropylene and polycarbonate. Most sheet is 0.5 to 1 mm thick, and we form PVC up to 2 mm. If you need a different plastic, ask.

Do you make the vacuum forming tools?

Yes. We design every tool from your CAD and make it in-house. We machine tools in whatever material the job needs, and 3D print them when you want to try changes quickly.

Can you trim and finish the parts?

Yes. We trim by hand, by router or by CNC, depending on the part and the quantity, and fit-check before dispatch. Parts can be painted in our paint shop and branded with pad printing, screen printing, transfers or vinyl.

Can vacuum forming be used for production?

Yes, for short runs, packaging especially. A formed blister, tray or cover can be the finished product when volumes do not justify production tooling.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of vacuum forming?

Advantages: low tooling cost, fast tools (printed tools in particular), large parts and good economy at low volumes. Disadvantages: only one side is accurate, walls thin at deep corners, undercuts are hard to form and fine detail is not possible. For those parts, vacuum casting or 3D printing usually does better.

What is the difference between a male and a female tool?

On a male tool the sheet is pulled over the shape, so the inside of the part is accurate. On a female tool the sheet is pulled into a cavity, so the outside is accurate. We choose the one that puts accuracy where your part needs it.

Do you do injection moulding?

No. For parts heading for injection moulding, we can make prototypes and short runs by vacuum casting or SLA first, and get the design ready for a moulder.

Do you offer vacuum forming near Cambridge?

Yes. We form parts at our workshop in Whittlesford, a short drive south of Cambridge and a two-minute walk from Whittlesford Parkway station, and deliver across the UK.

Send us your CAD and tell us the quantity and the material, and we will come back with a cost and a timeline. Contact us.